Sustainable bioelectrochemical systems for bioenergy generation via waste treatment from petroleum industries

Petroleum industries are large water consumers and generate a lot of wastewater at various stages industrial operations. Wastewater from the petroleum contain recalcitrant pollutants such as hydrocarbons that present in high concentrations, dissolved solids sulfur compounds can pose potential environmental threat. Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) known to be sustainable processes treat kinds wastewaters wastewater, while simultaneously generating bioelectricity value-added chemicals. This review focuses on applications BESs microbial fuel cells (MFC), electrolysis (MEC), desalination (MDC) using diverse types (petroleum sludge, produced water, formation refinery wastewater) industries. Overall, hybrid type BES with hydrocarbon achieved 98% columbic efficiency, 96.5% chemical oxygen demand (COD), 99% phenanthrene, 94% pyrene 80% TDS removal which superior single dual chamber performances. The also compares existing biological terms treatment process sustainability. Treatment efficiency wastes via further improved by integrating electrochemical develop approach bio-refinery route.